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br Experimental procedures br Acknowledgments br
2020-07-23
Experimental procedures Acknowledgments Introduction Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) control many fundamental cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and metabolism (Lemmon and Schlessinger, 2010). RTK activity is normally tightly controlled, and dysregu
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Errors are detected by comparing the
2020-07-23
Errors are detected by comparing the output data against an error free reference. After error detection, the process is restarted so that only one error is accounted. The susceptibility is inferred by the ratio between injected events and detected errors: = 100×errors÷events%. Error rates are obtai
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Evidence for interactions between the endothelin and the ang
2020-07-23
Evidence for interactions between the endothelin and the angiotensin system has also become plentiful. It has become clear that the two systems, in addition to acting independently, can act synergistically (Emori et al., 1989, Imai et al., 1992) as well as promote the peptide mRNA expression in endo
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br Effects of estradiol outside the
2020-07-23
Effects of estradiol outside the nucleus are often mediated by classical estrogen receptors Today, it is widely accepted that steroid hormones can signal in ways that do not rely on receptors acting in the nucleus, including activation of receptors localized to the cellular membrane. Rapid effect
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To our knowledge immunohistochemical analysis for proGRP
2020-07-23
To our knowledge, immunohistochemical analysis for proGRP was done in 5 cases [9], [10], [17], [18]. Takagi-Takahashi et al. reported that the tumor ASP1517 were positive for proGRP in one case [9]. Yamaguchi et al. also showed that tumor cells in two patients of ES/PNET with elevated serum proGRP
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Drug resistance to both pathogens and cancer has been a
2020-07-23
Drug resistance to both pathogens and cancer has been a big hindrance in healthcare. Integrated research undertakings are being pursued to find the exact causes of the lack of response towards drugs. Surprisingly, host pumps are the key factors in failure of most drugs. The pumps either do not allow
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In the context of E ligase
2020-07-23
In the context of E3 ligase drug discovery, it is critical to identify the appropriate E2/E3 substrate pairing to ensure the development and use of the most physiologically relevant screening assay. There have been many reports of limited E2/E3 activity profiling with a small number of E2 and E3 caf
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In addition to cleaving ubiquitins off modified
2020-07-23
In addition to cleaving ubiquitins off modified proteins, DUBs can also cleave between ubiquitin moieties within a polyubiquitin chain to edit the ubiquitin signal. DUBs employ different strategies to recognize polyubiquitin (Figure 1). DUBs that rely only on interactions on the S1 site tend to be C
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br Introduction The ubiquitination status
2020-07-23
Introduction The ubiquitination status of a target protein is achieved via a delicate balance between two opposing forces: ubiquitin E3 ligases and DUBs. It has been postulated that the majority of proteins in a cell are regulated and modified by ubiquitin at some point (Hershko and Ciechanover,
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IL is not expressed in tissues constitutively because
2020-07-22
IL-8 is not expressed in tissues constitutively because of its strong chemoattractant, proinflammatory, and angiogenic activities. Rather, it is an inducible factor, produced by a variety of cell types, including leukocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial and epithelial cells, in response to proinflammato
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Altered brain insulin signaling and CNS hypometabolism are
2020-07-22
Altered scd1 insulin signaling and CNS hypometabolism are also associated with pathogenesis of neurodegeneration. Insulin receptors are mostly located in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum, hypothalamus and olfactory bulb, possess an effective role in the regulation of central glucose met
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br Ubiquitin ligases Ubiquitin ligases are categorized into
2020-07-22
Ubiquitin ligases Ubiquitin ligases are categorized into different dl 473 based on their specific structural configuration and the composition of subunits—HECT (homologous to E6-AP1 (E6-associated protein 1) carboxy-terminus)-type, RING (really interesting new gene)-finger-type, U-box-type, or RI
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br Conclusion AS SP the first
2020-07-22
Conclusion AS+SP, the first-line treatment, still remains highly effective in Pakistan following its introduction in 2007. However, molecular data indicate that SP resistance is being established in Pakistan, although mutations that confer a high risk of SP treatment failure are rare or non-exist
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Our present data show that neuroleptics can
2020-07-22
Our present data show that neuroleptics can affect CYP3A via a direct interaction with the enzyme and a significant indirect mechanism (enzyme regulation) produced in vivo. The obtained results revealed interactions of the neuroleptics (added in vitro to control liver microsomes, Model I) with rat C
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We have previously disclosed the discovery of a azaindole ac
2020-07-22
We have previously disclosed the discovery of a 7-azaindole-3-acetic Indirubin CRTh2 antagonist chemotype 1 from HTS and its subsequent optimization to give 2 as a potent and orally bioavailable inhibitor of eosinophil shape change (SC) in human whole blood. Subsequent to disclosure of that work, ot
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