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The EGFR belongs to the ErbB family of
2021-02-09
The EGFR belongs to the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), comprised of four members: EGFR (ErbB1, HER1), HER2 (ErbB2), HER3 (ErbB3) and HER4 (ErbB4) [24]. HER receptors are activated by a group of epidermal growth factor (EGF) ligands and undergo homo- or hetero-dimerization during th
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Here we discuss implications of several major families of
2021-02-09
Here, we discuss implications of several major families of RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligases (MDM, Cullin, GRAIL, TRAF, TRIM) as targets in inflammation and immunity, and provide insights into potential small molecule interventions to mediate the cellular responses (summarized in Table 1). We briefly c
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br A brief introduction to DUBs The reversal
2021-02-09
A brief introduction to DUBs The reversal of ubiquitin conjugation of targeted proteins relies on deubiquitinating sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator (DUBs), which catalytically cleave single Ub or poly-ubiquitin chains from proteins. The human genome encodes approximately 100 potential
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Next we evaluated whether DPP inhibitor suppressed osteoclas
2021-02-09
Next, we evaluated whether DPP-4 inhibitor suppressed osteoclast formation by downregulating LPS-induced RANKL expression in stromal cells; DPP-4 inhibitor did not inhibit LPS-induced RANKL expression. Furthermore, we evaluated the effect of DPP-4 on LPS-induced RANKL expression in stromal cells, bu
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Oxidation of N hydroxyguanidine by
2021-02-09
Oxidation of N-hydroxyguanidine 1 by DbH was studied by HPLC and some oxidation products for 1 could be characterized. The compounds generally observed with iron-containing systems are 4-methoxyphenylurea 11 and 4-methoxyphenylcyanamide 12 (Fig. 2). Oxidation of N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N′-hydroxyguanidin
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br Enzymes repairing alkylated DNA
2021-02-09
Enzymes repairing alkylated DNA Induction of the Ada regulon Methylated Ada is a strong activator for ada and alkA promoters. Although much weaker than the methylated form, unmethylated Ada acts alone as an activator for ada and alkA promoters. In contrast, the unmethylated protein present in
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br Mammalian DGKs current knowledge Despite our understandin
2021-02-09
Mammalian DGKs: current knowledge Despite our understanding of prokaryotic DGKs, our limited understanding of the structure of mammalian DGKs is a major gap in our knowledge. Importantly, major differences exist between prokaryotic and mammalian enzymes often revealing the fact that structural fe
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Extracellular uridine can be transported across the cell mem
2021-02-09
Extracellular uridine can be transported across the cell membrane to enter the nucleotide salvage pathway. A colon cancer cell line supplemented with uridine was capable of growing normally in the presence of 1 μM brequinar (Peters et al., 1992). The supplemented uridine may be transported into the
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In Senegal malaria remains a formidable
2021-02-09
In Senegal, malaria remains a formidable public health issue, causing significant morbidity and mortality in infants and pregnant women (WHO Malaria Report, 2012). In the absence of an effective vaccine, the National Malaria Control Program has followed WHO recommendations for IPTp-SP since 2003. Th
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Having generated synthetic cytokines and
2021-02-09
Having generated synthetic cytokines and synthetic cytokine receptors, the logical next step has been to design fully synthetic cytokine/cytokine receptor systems, modifying either cytokine/cytokine receptor binding interfaces or cytokine-unrelated combinations of substances and their binding domain
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We hypothesized that the atopic phenotype may be partially i
2021-02-09
We hypothesized that the atopic phenotype may be partially influenced by an altered binding and/or signalling due to the amino-acid substitution in the receptor protein. The principal aim of this study was to investigate the signalling mechanisms of the variants CysLT1-G300S and CysLT1-I206S induced
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Recent studies investigating the effects of mesenchymal stem
2021-02-09
Recent studies investigating the effects of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy in rodent models including chronic renal failure and glomerulonephritis have demonstrated that MSC therapy can result in beneficial effects [57], [58]. In cats, autologous intra-renal injections of either adipose tissue-
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Since its inception ADEPT approach has been widely reported
2021-02-09
Since its inception, ADEPT approach has been widely reported by many groups using a variety of enzymes and prodrugs (see reviews) [12], [14]. Both mammalian and non-mammalian enzymes have been utilised. Of the mammalian variety, human β-glucuronidase in combination with many prodrugs [17], [18] and
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Cryoprotectant equilibration and the response to ice
2021-02-09
Cryoprotectant equilibration and the response to ice concentrated media are the two facets of cellular cryobiological protocols most commonly covered by mathematical modeling. In these models, Anti-cancer Compound Library are typically assumed to have uniform, spatially independent extracellular co
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During recent years two primary types of models
2021-02-09
During recent years, two primary types of models have been applied for calculating various thermodynamic properties of amino IGF-1, human recombinant sale solutions, i.e. excess Gibbs energy (gE) models used numerously to describe the solubility of amino acid solutions, and equations of state (EOS)
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