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Introduction Protein tyrosine phosphorylation plays key role
2022-09-17
Introduction Protein-tyrosine phosphorylation plays key roles in a variety of intracellular signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, gene expression, cell adhesion, and metabolic changes [1]. While receptor-type tyrosine kinases localize to the plasma membrane, most of no
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br Materials and methods br Results
2022-09-16
Materials and methods Results Discussion GSK-3 overexpression diminishes neurogenesis (Fuster-Matanzo et al., 2013, Kondratiuk et al., 2013, Sirerol-Piquer et al., 2011), while the inhibition of GSK-3 with lithium or valproate enhances neurogenesis, as measured by cell proliferation, the nu
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br Acknowledgements br Introduction Type diabetes is a
2022-09-16
Acknowledgements Introduction Type 2 diabetes is a progressive metabolic disorder which is characterised by chronic hyperglycaemia due to relative insulin deficiency, insulin resistance and increased hepatic glucose production [1]. The metabolism of glucose by glycolysis increases the ATP:ADP
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br Potential endogenous agonists of GPR The
2022-09-16
Potential endogenous agonists of GPR35 The first endogenously produced chemical that was shown to be able to activate GPR35 was the tryptophan metabolite kynurenic fauc [8]. When human GPR35 was expressed along with a mixture of promiscuous and chimeric G proteins 9, 10 (Box 1) in CHO cells, add
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All HFD fed groups in our study having
2022-09-16
All HFD fed groups in our study, having significantly higher levels of EE (heat production) is consistent with previous studies [91], where a significant increase in EE was observed within just one week of HFD feeding [81]. It is hypothesized that this phenomenon is due to the increased body mass an
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Strengths The primary feature of GPR agonists resides
2022-09-16
Strengths The primary feature of GPR119 agonists resides in their dual mechanism of action in regulating blood glucose 1, 2, 3, 15. GPR119 agonists stimulate GLP-1 release from intestinal L Sodium salicylate as well as glucose-dependent insulin secretion and insulin promoter activity enhancement in
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br Transporter based brain targeting nano DDS Drug
2022-09-16
Transporter-based brain-targeting nano-DDS Drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) is still challenging due to the bloodbrain barrier (BBB)53., 54.. The BBB is a natural defense barrier protecting the Glutathione (GSH/GSSG/Total) Fluorometric Assay Kit from harmful substances. Since on
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br Discussion The Pro Ala variant in PPARG has been
2022-09-16
Discussion The Pro12Ala variant in PPARG has been one of the first candidate SNPs for type 2 diabetes [16], [17]. The rare allele of this variant is associated with a 25% reduced risk for the disease [18]. Given the role of PPARG as both a receptor for NEFA and itself a regulator of fat metabolis
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br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion In
2022-09-16
Materials and methods Results Discussion In this study, we demonstrated, for the first time, that manipulation of AKR1D1 expression and activity is able to regulate glucocorticoid availability in liver and non-liver cell lines. AKR1D1 over-expression leads to increased glucocorticoid cleara
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br In vivo actions of GLP GLP R
2022-09-16
In vivo actions of GLP-1/GLP-1R agonists on the vascular endothelium Using contrast-enhanced ultrasound, male Sprague Dawley rats receiving an intravenous infusion of native GLP-1 (30 pmol/kg/min) for 2 h demonstrated significant improvements in both microvascular blood volume and microvascular b
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Despite potent biological actions the native hormone undergo
2022-09-16
Despite potent biological actions, the native hormone undergoes degradation by the enzyme dipeptidylpeptidase-IV (DPP-IV) [17] and is rapidly cleared from the bloodstream by renal filtration [18]. One such approach to prolong the biological half-life of GIP is through conjugation with a polyethylene
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It is widely acknowledged that CpG methylation of the promot
2022-09-16
It is widely acknowledged that CpG methylation of the promoter regions of some genes plays an important regulatory role in transcriptional regulation and in the establishment and maintenance of cell type-specific gene expression (Li, 2002, Jaenisch and Bird, 2003). This study obtained multiple lines
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Glucocorticoid is a major regulator of
2022-09-15
Glucocorticoid is a major regulator of body's response to stress (Armario, 2006). Repeated injections of the glucocorticoid corticosterone (CORT) in mice have been shown to produce an animal model of depression (Zhao et al., 2008). Further study of this phenomenon suggested that prolonged CORT expos
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br Conclusion br Acknowledgements br Introduction Aminobutyr
2022-09-15
Conclusion Acknowledgements Introduction γ- Aminobutyric SP 141 mg (GABA) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult central nervous system. GABA receptors are divided into two classes, GABAA and GABAB. GABAA is an ionotropic receptor that mediates fast GABA responses by opening t
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While there have been a variety of recent reviews on
2022-09-15
While there have been a variety of recent reviews on the signaling and physiological effects of FFA4, particularly towards its anti-inflammatory effects, the goal of this research update is to present the most recent details on the role of FFA4 in human cancers. The known contributions of FFA4 towar
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